A vocalization used by elk to express their feeling, attitude, or aggravation about a particular situation; often used by cows being harassed by younger bulls.

Starts high-pitched and gradually falls in pitch slightly in an inconsistent and often wavy manner, but ends slightly lower in pitch and...

A vocalization typically used by mature cow elk to call another elk to them/their location; often used by cows to call their calves to them. Starts high in
pitch, but IMMEDIATELY comes off the high note, goes quickly to the low note, and holds the low note momentarily. Generally about 1 second in...

The shortest, most basic contact vocalization used by elk to stay in contact with one another. Starts high in pitch and goes low very quickly (LESS than a ½
second in length) and in a smooth even fashion.

A vocalization that is used to add an exclamation point behind whatever an elk just said. It can be used behind either a Lost Mew or Assembly Mew. Starts
high pitched and goes low just like the Mew, but is a bit louder and emphasized throughout. It often sounds like the vocalization is punched, a...

A vocalization used by elk to express their feeling, attitude, or frustration about a particular situation; often used by elk in conjunction with other
vocalizations when they aren't getting the reaction or response they're looking for. Starts high pitched and either stays high pitched throughout...

A common vocalization used by elk to locate other elk and ask for a RESPONSE from another elk. Starts high in pitch, holds—or emphasizes—the high pitch
momentarily, then quickly drops to the low note, and is generally about 1 second in length.

The most common contact vocalization used by elk to stay in contact with one another. Starts high in pitch and goes low in a smooth even fashion, and is
generally 1/2 to 1 second in length.

Sometimes referred to as the Estrous Mew, Estrous Buzz, or Estrous Scream. It is an uncommon vocalization used by elk when they need to stand out from
the crowd and capture a bull's—or a group of cows'—attention to get them to focus solely on her. Generally a loud vocalization that starts high-pi...